By Pishtaz | 2026-06-11

Iran’s oil and gas industry operates through a deeply unequal labor system that divides permanent employees from contract workers.

Permanent workers receive higher salaries, pensions, housing benefits, and stronger job protections throughout the sector.

Contract workers often perform the same duties, including many of the most demanding assignments, while receiving significantly lower compensation and fewer benefits.

Despite carrying much of the industry’s operational burden, contractor workers remain excluded from privileges routinely granted to permanent staff.

These workers have repeatedly demanded equal pay and direct employment, arguing that the existing system rewards loyalty while penalizing labor.

Critics contend the structure was deliberately designed to discourage collective action and suppress workplace dissent.

Contract workers frequently operate under precarious employment arrangements that make retaliation easier and job security far weaker.

Workers who challenge conditions risk disciplinary measures, contract termination, or other forms of pressure.

Independent labor organizing remains heavily restricted, while authorities respond quickly to demonstrations and coordinated workplace actions.

The result is a workforce facing significant barriers whenever it attempts to demand reforms or challenge unfair treatment.

This imbalance has fueled resentment among workers who believe the industry depends heavily on their labor.

The Islamic Republic treats oil and gas infrastructure as a strategic national asset requiring extensive security oversight.

Major facilities operate under strict access controls, extensive monitoring systems, and the constant presence of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

Labor activists and rights organizations argue this security-focused environment further restricts independent worker organization and expression.

Control extends beyond physical facilities and reaches into the communications workers rely upon daily.

Authorities have repeatedly imposed communication restrictions and internet shutdowns during periods of unrest and labor tensions.